This report examines the impact of EU sanctions on the countries over which they have been imposed as well as the effectiveness of these sanctions. More specifically, the authors assess 1) the conditions under which sanctions are likely to be successful and effective; 2) the economic impact of EU trade and financial sanctions imposed on Russia; 3) the impact of EU economic sanctions against Russia on Moscow’s involvement in the Ukraine crisis that began in 2014; 4) the economic impact of EU sanctions against Iran; 5) why international sanctions imposed on Iran in light of its nuclear program have had …read more