Despite attempts by Russia to create mechanisms to soften the impact of ‘targeted’ financial and energy sanctions, full reintegration, even in a scenario of future divergence between the US and the EU, will be difficult to achieve. mehdi_newsbrief_sept_vol.36_no.5.pdfSanctions, like other tools of financial warfare, have increasingly become the weapon of choice in both US and EU foreign policy. Sanctions against Iran, some of the most sophisticated in recent decades, have been touted as a key success. The considerable costs inflicted on the country by coordinated US and EU sanctions were directed against the banking, financial and energy sectors. These included …read more